However, because of advanced technology, the lathe has allowed man to become an important asset in developing and machining many precision components needed to operate and function in many areas of our industrial complex. Simple cnc lathe program to show how a component can be faced with a tool. No attempt should be made to operate the lathe until you understand the proper procedures for its use and have been checked out on it. The turret lathe is a lathe used extensively for the highspeed production of duplicate parts. The normal cutting operations are performed with the cutting tool fed either parallel or at right. Nonrotational also called prismatic blocklike or platelike. Definition, types, grain, grade, structure, bond, specifications, and selection with pdf conclusion. Jun 07, 2016 in this video we are going to see the primary parts and working principle of lathe. Definition of parameters using numerical coding datum points control parameters are used to control the differences between one cnc machine and another. Lathe is one of the most important machine tools in the metal working industry. To learn and understand the working principle of various types of machine tools.
The work is held and rotated on its axis while the cutting tool is advanced along the line of a desired cut. Emphasize the safety precautions that must be observed when turning work mounted in a chuck. Engineering innovation center fabrication shop basic lathe. Tools may also be mounted in the tailstock for endworking operations. Straight turning reduces the work to a specified diameter equally along the works axis. This is accomplished by holding the work securely and rigidly on the machine and then turning it against a cutting tool which will remove metal from the work in the form of chips. Lathe work holding devices independent chuck 4 jaw.
The cutting tool is feed into the workpiece, which rotates about its own axis, causing the workpiece to be formed to the desired shape. Every effort will be made to make the shop available for these projects. In ancient egypt, twoperson lathes were extensively used. The working of lathe machine is explained in later section of this article. Computer numerical control cnc page 4 ic professional training fig. Its various types as manufactured by different builders, including engine lathes, heavy lathes, highspeed lathes, special lathes, turret lathes, electrically driven lathes, and many others. What is the working principle of capstan and turret lathe. This tool bit has the principal cutting edge at the. This is done with a tool that applies a force on the material. A lathe operates on the principle of a rotating work piece and a fixed cutting tool. University of engineering and management, jaipur course description title of course. Metalturning lathe built from stock parts screw the parts tightly together and then mount on a hardwood base as in figure 5. In studying the principal parts in detail, remember. It contains the main spindle and oil reservoir and.
Safety all lathe operators must be constantly aware of the safety hazards that are associated with using the lathe and must know all safety precautions to avoid accidents and injuries. Aug 07, 2009 cnc is computerized technoogy by controlling the relative movements between the tool and the work piece geometrical shapes are machined. Check each lathe prior to operation for any missing. A lathe machine is a machine tool that is used to remove metals from a workpiece to give a desired shape and size. Tslots are provided on the entire length of the table so that the work and work holding devices may be bolted upon it. Pdf development of lathe attachment for a cnc machine.
Mechanical machinist one year the mechanical field, which is at times classified as a mother technology, is a vast field which assists and supports other fields. A lathe operates on the principle of a rotating workpiece and a fixed cutting tool. The practical training will further reinforce the knowledge and skill of the students. The cutting tool is feed into the work piece, which rotates about its own axis, causing the work piece to be formed to the desired shape. The rectifier design will influence the extent to which electrical harmonics are induced on. Basically, the cnc stands for computer numerical control which refers to a computer controller that controls the movement of every axis of the machine using g and m codes instructions and drives the spindle or machine tool into a raw material to fabricate or to remove the unwanted material from workpiece more accurately without human intervention. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Mechanical machinist one year curriculum contents teaching and learning guide module 1title. The origins of lathe can be traced back to ancient egypt and ancient greece. Working principle of lathe machine engineering tutorials.
The engineering innovation center fabrication shop was established for support of undergraduate student course work. Oct, 2008 basically, the cnc stands for computer numerical control which refers to a computer controller that controls the movement of every axis of the machine using g and m codes instructions and drives the spindle or machine tool into a raw material to fabricate or to remove the unwanted material from workpiece more accurately without human intervention. A lathe chuck is a device that exerts pressure on the workpiece to hold it secure to the headstock spindle or tailstock spindle. Introduction to thyristors and other power electronics devices hr s a construction, working principle of scr, two transistor analogy of scr, vi characteristics of scr.
Construction, operation and tool layout in semiautomatic. External turning can be broken down into a number of basic operations. Nov 16, 2010 the cnc machine comprises of the computer in which the program is fed for cutting of the metal of the job as per the requirements. University of engineering and management, jaipur course. Parts, working principle, advantages, disadvantages, and applications pdf. Cnc machine is an computer numerical controlled machine which executes tasks with help of an inbuilt computer which extracts an computer file based on the commands an. All the cutting processes that are to be carried out and all the final dimensions are fed into the computer via the program. The best lathe to use when making a simple part is the. Then either the tool or the work piece will move and material will be removed. The engine lathe is intended for general purpose lathe work and is the usual lathe found in the machine shop. Ways provide the means for holding the tailstock and carriage, which slide along the ways, in alignment with the permanently attached headstock the headstock is located on the operators left end of the lathe bed. Lathe machine is also known as the motherfather of the entire tool family. May 07, 2016 the lathe machine works on basic principle that when the work piece rotate at a constant speed and a tool is introduce between its rotation, it cut the metal. Surface footage definition how to calculate when and why to use.
Bench workshop operations, drilling, shaping and grinding operations objective of the module. Bench work and fitting by william john peck, 1946, sir i. Career pathways for ptec students machining the machinist is the person responsible for creating very precise and accurate threedimensional parts for. What is a cnc machine and what is its working principle. The normal cutting operations are performed with the cutting tool fed either parallel or at right angles to. The main function of a lathe is to remove metal from a piece of work to give it the required shape and size. The various other operations that you can perform with the help of lathe machine can include sanding. Reading materials for ic training modules computer. Different designs are available and these are selected according to the performance required of the variable frequency drive. Aug 26, 2014 working principle the lathe is a machine tool which holds the workpiece between two rigid and strong supports called centers or in a chuck or face plate which revolves. A singlepoint tool moves linearly relative to the work part shaping a tool moves planing a workpart moves broaching performed by a multipletooth cutting tool by moving linearly relative to the work in the direction of the tool axis. The care and operation of a screw cutting lathe thus far about the guide we now have how to run a lathe. The semiautomatic lathes, capstan lathe and turret lathe are very similar in.
The following rules must be observed when working on the lathes in the student shop. I will recommend you to read this article too a definite guide on. The care and operation of a screw cutting lathe responses people are yet to still eventually left their own writeup on the overall game, you arent read it however. Reading materials for ic training modules computer numerical. The lathe is a machine tool which holds the workpiece between two rigid and strong supports called centers or in a chuck or. Lathe machines are used in metalworking, woodturning, metal spinning, thermal spraying, glass working, and parts reclamation. To learn the operation of the lathe, one must first be familiar with the names and functions of the principal parts.
Surface footage definition how to calculate when and why to use material machinability ratings feed rate under or over feeding and its effect feed rate on materials effect on tools. The boring operation is the process of enlarging a hole already produced by drilling. It is generally used for machining cylindrical workpieces. Lathe attachments, lathe work, lathe tools, rapid change gear mechanisms, speeds and feeds, power for cutting tools. Planer machine parts, types, working principle with pdf. Groover, fundamentals of modern manufacturing 2e classification of machined parts 1. In this video we are going to see the primary parts and working principle of lathe. Delta 16 variable speed wood lathe instruction manual 46756, 46755x 25 pages. Lathe operations reaming lathe operations drilling lathe operations knurling principle and working continued. Lathe operations od1645 lesson 1task 1 sliding gap feature, this lathe is similar to the floormounted engine lathe. The cnc machine comprises of the computer in which the program is fed for cutting of the metal of the job as per the requirements. The cutting tool is feed into workpiece which rotates about its own axis, causing workpiece to be formed to the desired shape. Dec 14, 2009 bench work and fitting by william john peck, 1946, sir i. Lathe work holding devices workpieces are held in lathe with the assistance of chucks, faceplates, or lathe centers.
Introduction a lathe is a machine tool which rotates the workpiece on its axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, or deformation, facing, turning, with tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object which has. Hi, cnc stands for computer numerical control or computerized numerical control. The lathe machine works on basic principle that when the work piece rotate at a constant speed and a tool is introduce between its rotation, it cut the metal. Sawing hacksawing, bandsawing, and circular sawing. This article gives you a short introduction to lathe and explains its working.
Later, when the countershaft, motor and motor mount are added to the assembly, a second piece is attached to the first, making an lshaped base as pictured in figs. The lathe is one of the most versatile machine tools used. Control of these relative movements through coded letters numbers is known as numerical control of machine tools. At each end of the table, a hollow space is left which acts as a trough for collecting chips. Before either operation is done, several parameters need to be determined. Simple facing cnc lathe program example helman cnc. Lathe operations od1645 lesson 1task 1 in some crude fashion or another.
A stylus bears against a template and controls the cutting tool on. The lathe is a machine tool which holds the workpiece between two rigid and strong supports called centers or in a chuck or face plate which revolves. Operate the lathe at slower speeds than normal when working in cold environments. It has been the most common storage media up to the 1970s, in terms of data transfer speed. Manual of lathe operation and machinists tables 1960 by anonymous and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Conclusion the objective of turning and milling is to remove material from a work piece to obtain a specific shape and improve surface finish. Floppy disk drive floppy disk is a small magnetic storage device for cnc data input. To provide an understanding of the different types of chip formation during the machining.
The cutting tool is rigidly held and supported in a tool post which is fed against the revolving work. Describe the principle of operation of a cnc machine tool. Describe the working principle of a cnc lathe machine. I hope you understand all these and also i share some videos. A lathe operates on the principle of rotating workpiece and a fixed cutting tool. Here today we will study definition, parts, operation, specification of lathe. The table supports the work and reciprocates along with the ways of the bed. Students of engineering who desire to use this equipment for educationallyrelated activities are required to attend training.
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